Access to a source of heat stovetop, open fire, heat plate, etc access to water and ice. Pot stills p ot stills were the earliest kind of stills. Originally this is also how the base alcohol used to make gin was. Design and manufacture of copper pot stills for the distillation of whiskey, rum, gin, etc. Forsyth richard forsyth rothes, moray scotland ab38 7ad u. Back in the days the only distillation method was the pot still distillation. The copper pot stills like the ones shown on the left. Depending on the type of spirit, the producer can either use a pot still or a column still to process.
There are many different sizes and options for pot stills when it comes to. In order not to lose the residual heat energy in the pot ale during transport it still has a temperature of approximately 158f, 70c, the wash still is usually drained via a heat exchanger, which returns the pot ales heat energy to a future distillation process. A method of recovering alcohol from residues in a recovery still is outlined. Generally during a pot still run well allow for 150 ml per 25l of wash for our foreshot fraction. Of course, modifications can be made at any time during the distillation process by simply using the touch screen control unit. Its common to see a stripping run abv range between 40% 60% abv.
The process of distillation from the latin destillare for. Column still cleans the distillate giving a decent aroma and higher concentration of alcohol. Distillation, or classical distillation, is the process of separating the components or substances. Distilling rum how to distill rum rum distillation. Distillation is based on the fact that the vapour of a boiling mixture will be richer in the. The strenght of the raw rum produced is of about 78 % alcohol. Distillation column consists of a copper pot still ed with column with trays and a dephleg mator figure 4. The design consisted of a process flow diagram, a layout, and a summary of all equipment required for the operation of the distillery. Batch distillation may be performed with various types of equipment. L and v are liquid and vapor flow rates, respectively, expressed in lbmole per hr. It is used for the first distillation of the wash, or in plain english. Distillation is the process of converting a liquid into gas or vapor by heating it.
In a pot condenser all of the steam from the boiler collects all the vapour and converts it to liquid. Can be used with still spirits distillery kits, which contain all the ingredients for the wash. A pot still can produce a partial, 1, 2 or multiple barrels per batch depending on the size of the actual pot still. Types of distillation columns headlands distilling co. Below is a illustration of whats going on during a pot still stripping run. All process data are digitally recorded by means of uptodate profibus technology or integration into existing it systems. The application of science in the forms of chemistry, physics, and biology, to the control of the pot still distillation processes is still in its infancy after a long series. Column available in either a 304 grade stainless steel construction or traditional copper.
Distillation techniques in the fruit spirits production. But the rudimentarily reliable pot still remains king in some important circles. Dry distillation may involve chemical changes such as destructive distillation or cracking and is not. Vodka distillation yeast single culture vodka strain with amyloglucosidase pdf 2 page document. At bushmills and new midleton the classic way of triple distillation is still performed. They simply had a pot to boil the fermented mash in, and an output tube that passed through something cooler air or water etc. Home distillation of alcohol the term moonshine doesnt refer to a specific type of spirit, but instead is a general catchall term for any alcoholic spirit you create with a copper still, be it whiskey, cognac, brandy, rum, gin, vodka, scotch, etc. A batch still with a 50 gallon pot, manufactured by vendome copper and brass works was selected for many, mostly financial, reasons. Distillation ppt and pdf report download study mafia. Pour the liquid wash you intend to process into the boiler, being careful to leave any sediment behind. Attach the water inlet hose to a cold water tap and make sure that the water outlet hose drains away from the boiler and any electricity supply. Making moonshine is a simple twostep process of fermentation and distillation. It gives detailed instructions on how to distill one barrel 53 gallons of 120proof malt whiskey.
Pdf distillation techniques in the fruit spirits production. Jan 05, 2020 distillation is the process of converting a liquid into gas or vapor by heating it and then condensing it back into liquid form. The alchemy begins as our distiller heats the wash to separate the alcohol from the water alcohol is lighter than water and has a lower boiling point, so it boils off first. However if we had supplied our original pot with a continuous supply of ethanolwater feed and vapor generated in the first pot was continuously condensed and supplied to the second pot, etc.
Fermentation is where all alcohol is created, distillation is where the alcohol is separated and removed. Often described as a man drinking beer with a straw, it can also easily be seen as an early still. In this way future losses may be avoided and a little more light may be shed on a complex and difficult manufacturing process. To ensure a temperature gradient over the column, the still pot should be heated slowly. A method of manufacturing pot still distilled alcoholic product, preferably whisky, comprising. The alchemy begins as our distiller heats the wash to separate the alcohol from the water alcohol is lighter than water and.
Column stills are typically set up as two large stacks, with one column acting as a distiller and the other as a condenser, and are made up of a series of plates with holes. The impact of copper in different parts of malt whisky pot. Only use a pot still if you intend on making whiskeyschnapps etc i. A pot still is often used for this distillation process and is run hot and fast, no cuts are made during the run so the separation between fractions is bad. Pot stills and copper components tend to be a big influence on whiskey composition and aroma. Whether you are distilling water, vinegar, fuel, perfume, or alcohol, you are separating the vapors to collect only the part you want. As a simplification, assume that the still contains only ethanol and water. These evolved into the pot still, which is still in use, particularly for making malt. Distillation principles chemical engineering, 200711, rvce. It can be a single, double or triple distillation but each time the process has to start over.
May 12, 2016 the column still a pot still s flavorless counterpart. Variation one was based on the alambic charentais method of pot still design and it was found that only. Energy is introduced in the form of steam to the bottom of the still and selectively volatilises the alcohol and other components from the fermented liquids. In order to satisfy the high demand most of the distilleries built huge pot stills like the ones you see in the museum of the old midelton distillery. Whisky pot stills on new make spirit composition and aroma barry harrison, olivier fagnen, frances jack and james brosnan abstract j. We talk about the process and go in depth on the topic. The capacity of the stills and the wash backs is usually coordinated. The pot still or the alembic or alambic is the earliest and traditional form of still. Distillation, or classical distillation, is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation. Perfect for when you are distilling whiskey, rum, and brandy washes to make the spirit from traditional ingredients, just like the professionals.
These pot stills were large pieces of sheet metal copper riveted together. Unlike sake, wine or beer, the shochu distilling method includes a distillation process like whisky distilling and gin distilling. Traditionally constructed from copper, pot stills are made in a range of shapes and sizes depending on the quantity and style of spirit desired. Many of us who distil at home prefer the older style of stills, such as the classic copper alembic still. One of the most relevant steps in elaboration of spirits is. However, small amounts of raw oats or wheat may have been used at times. Usually a smaller one that produces alcohol with 60 to 70 vol %. The distillation process is fully automated, including control and monitoring ideally suited for large batches. Distillation techniques in the fruit spirits production intechopen. Types of still there are two basic types of condensers used in stills.
Single pot still whiskey is a style of irish whiskey made by a single distillery from a mixed mash of malted and unmalted barley distilled in a pot still. A pot still is a type of distillation apparatus or still used to distill flavoured liquors such as whisky or cognac, but not rectified spirit because they are bad at separating congeners. Energy is introduced in the form of steam to the bottom of the still and selectively volatilises the alcohol and other components from the fermented liquids and predistilled alcohol water mixtures. In order to get whiskey the process needs to be repeated. A more detailed treatment of the science behind fractional distillation can be found on these websites.
Fit the lid complete with condenser and hoses to the top of the boiler. Jan 15, 2015 foreshots the foreshots fraction is the first to be collected during the distillation process and contains a large percentage of acetone. This video focuses on the distillation process to make spirits. Distillation is a physical process where compounds are separated by virtue of their different boiling points and vapor pressures. The copper pot stills like the ones shown are reputed to have been in use for over 500 years to make some of the finest irish whiskey in the world. Attach the water inlet hose to a cold water tap and make sure that the water outlet hose drains away from the boiler and any electricity. The reader learns about the principles of distillation, types of stills, and the process of distillation. The distiller of these products uses a simple pot still for batch. It is still pure speculation as to when or even if ancient egyptians had distillation in any form we might recognise today. Most of the vapor from the boiling still pot should condense and drip back down into the still pot, a process known as refluxing. Barison industry is an italian company leader on the national an international distillation plant market well. Distillation of whisky video malt whisky is made by a simple, traditional batch process from natural raw material. A pot still, this is the most important yet hardest to attain and most unfamiliar piece of equipment.
The difference between pot versus column stills, explained. The distillation process of making alcohol whether it be moonshine or a legal liquor distilling operation can be a fun and educational venture. The result from a pot still is a more complex flavor mixture of all of the alcohols created and some smearing of the other volatiles. The fractions, from the start and the end of the batch distillation process, are rejected to waste streams for reprocessing. Distilling wash beer in a pot still produces a liquid with an alcohol content of around 21% alc. A more flexible system is the batch distillation column in which the reflux rate can be. Pot distillation shochu pot distillation shochu is a spirits of no more than 45% vv alcohol content, which distilled fermenting mash using pot still. The pot is heated either by an internal steam coil calandria or by a fire of wood or bagasse underneath, usually in a brick enclosure. A pot still is a type of distillation apparatus or still used to distill flavoured liquors such as whisky or cognac, but not rectified spirit because they are bad at. Jun, 2018 the device utilized in distillation, generally stated as a still, consists at a minimum of a reboiler or pot within which the supply material is heated, after heating the supply material then a condenser within which the heated vapour is cooled back to the liquid state, after this process, a receiver within which the targeted or sublimate. Pot stills are used to make many of the worlds great spirit styles, such as single malt scotch, cognac, many rums, and most mezcal. Distillation units in the production of scotch whisky range from simple pot stills to continuous multicolumn stills. During distillation, all variables are needed to keep constant and flow rate to adjust to 15. In the earliest types of plant the two processes of distillation and rectification were carried out in the same vessel, the latter process being very incompletely effected.
All spirits go through at least two procedures fermentation and distillation. A distiller has a lot of manual control into what ends up in the final spirit. Use a reflux or fractionating still to make neutral tasteless alcohol to flavor up later. In the fruit spirits production, column usually consists of three ball trays. Spirits distilled in pots top out between 60 and 80 percent alcohol by volume after multiple distillations. While the pot still is enormously inefficient, it is uniquely simple and easily adapted for home distillation of everything from essences to whiskey and moonshine. A collection jar with measurements for initial alcohol. Pot stills made of various materials wood, clay, stainless steel are also used by bootleggers in various countries. Simple distillation pot stills whisky, brandy, rum, etc. The formation and distribution of ethyl carbamate urethane during pot still distillation was investigated.
Here, the fermented beer is transferred into a copper tank or pot, as shown in figure 1. Barison provides full automation systems for the management of the distillation process, equipped with dedicated software for checking the alcohol content, temperature and working pressure. This countercurrent flow of vapour up and liquid down has the. This manual describes, at the craft level, the process of making whiskey. Using a pot still vs a column still we have always. Column still cleans the distillate giving a decent aroma and higher.
This process is fractional distillation, a scientific procedure which can be guaranteed to produce a perfect product every time a crystal clear alcohol of almost pharmaceutical quality. Evaluating the effect of pot still design on the resultant distillate. A how to guide to cuts and fractions pot still run learn. When spirits are distilled the original liquid has already been fermented and is an alcoholic wine or wash. The irish whiskey industry was the first to produce whiskey in large quantities. In this in this process, the vapour formed on boiling th e liquid is removed at once from the. Distillation, even fractional distillation, is really a very simple process and it might have been sufficient simply to provide a bare outline of how to proceed. The first low wines is then filled into the second pot still. A a still where the entire distillation process occurs in. The separation in distillation occurs when a mixture of compounds in the still is brought to boil. This is leading to the point that the main characteristic of pot still distillation is batch processing. Somewhat similar to single malt whiskey, the style was defined by its inclusion of unmalted raw barley in the mash in addition to malt. Distillation is basically a process used to separate a mixture into base elements.
A how to guide to cuts and fractions pot still run this guide will teach you about the different fractions that occur within a pot still distillation and how and when to make blending guide for newbies controlling flavor of rum and whiskey using cuts. A great resource for whiskey recipes and flavors that can be retained from the mash ingredients. The video gives a clarity on the distillation method of pot and patent still. Conversely, large industrial column stills make the bulk of the alcohol produced on earth.
496 1087 1019 1541 1511 1011 1346 1207 1086 450 905 1036 1161 583 425 1494 1203 208 541 1505 274 1133 119 1535 83 1079 1306 1161 727 375 1525 26 335 640