Characterization of bottom ash from municipal solid waste. Twelve concrete mixtures, including concrete containing bottom ash aggregate ccba, are classified into three groups of wc 0. From the other hand, the ccps have chemical and physical properties that. As the bottom ash particles fuse during cooling, the material is much coarser than fly ash, ranging in size from fine sand to gravel with a maximum particle size in the order of 12 mm 0. Experimental study on properties of concrete using bottom. The canadian bottom ash had over half of the total specimen over 2. User guideline for coal bottom ash and boiler slag. Geotechnical engineering properties of incinerator ash mixes. The permeability of bottom ash is quite comparable to that of sand. This study includes fresh properties, hardened characteristics and longterm durability of bottom ash concrete 7. The clay brick face industry has utilized bottom ash as a body additive for many decades in the us. When bottom ash or boiler slag is used in an embankment, backfill, subbase, or even possibly in a base course, the potential for corrosion of metal structures that may come in contact with the material is. The product is used in other states as embankment material, and this project will evaluate the product for use in louisiana.
Chemical composition of bottom ash oxides % sio 2 51. Ash chemistry sulfur trioxide so3 is high due to capture of sulfur by calcium in ash. The particle size distribution of bottom ash used in this investigation was shown in figure 2. User guideline for coal bottom ash and boiler slag in green. Chemical fractionation fouling deposits ash viscosity abrasion. Mois ture contents of bottom ash from other facilities have been reported to range from 20 to 57 percent 14. Information on basic physical and chemical properties. When dry bottom ash is subjected to increasing moisture content it often expands. Dec 06, 2016 the results indicated that the natural fine aggregate and coal bottom ash have very different physical and chemical properties. The bottom ash increased the median pore diameter by some 86%. Mechanical properties of concrete using bottom ash and m. These particles are formed at the bottom of the furnace. Bottom ash differs from fly ash in both particle shape and size as well as mineralogy.
Cement replacement materials, such as fly ash or silica fume, are now widely used to enhance concrete properties and to reduce carbon footprint. Evaluation of workability and mechanical properties of bottom ash. Recycling coal fly ash and coal bottom ash from moroccan thermal. Mechanical properties of concrete using bottom ash. The mechanical properties of concrete with washed bottom ash replacement with natural sand is found to good gain in strength over the increases in concrete age9. The annual production of coal bottom ash cba in india is 25 million tons, in us 14 million tons, europe 4. These engineering properties make bottom ash an ideal material in design construction of dam and for other civil engineering applications. Specimen detail pcc without bottom ash without bottom ash 2 3 properties value 2. Actually, the potential environmental impact is the key point for the use of bottom ash as a road material. The particle size distribution of bottom ash was measured, which showed that, of the particles 100% were smaller than. Fibres in 30% bottom ash with 1% ppf checked the development of cracks and thereby had many flexural cracks of reduced width. Mechanical properties of concrete using bottom ash as partial. Norochcholai coal power plant is the largest coal power plant in sri lanka and during the combustion of coalit annually generates about 250,000 metric tons of coal ash which consists of fly ash fa and bottom ash ba.
Coal bottom ash obtained from panipat thermal power station, panipat, haryana, was also used as partial replacement of. In short, this research presents the basis for the development of further bituminous mixtures with biomass bottom ash, reducing the extraction of raw materials and avoiding landfill. This expansion of the bottom ash occurs with increasing moisture content and may result in heave of the floor and even squeezing out of the footing. Table 1 properties of bottom ash physical properties value specific gravity 2. Bottom ash particles were angular and irregular in shape and had rough, gritty surface textures. Chemical fractionation fouling deposits ash viscosity abrasion spontaneous combustion. Therefore, the objective of the current experimental investigation is to explore the effects of fly ash and bottom ash on the properties of concrete by replacing them partially with natural fine aggregate. The results indicated that the natural fine aggregate and coal bottom ash have very different physical and chemical properties. Pdf physical and chemical properties of coal bottom ash cba. Geotechnical engineering properties of fly ash and ottom. Because it is col lected by gravity, bottom ash is a relatively coarse material. Bottom ash is a byproduct of burning coal at thermal power plants. Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of. Strength properties of ternary blended concrete by.
Physical, chemical and geotechnical characterization of fly ash. Bottom ash is black and the consistency of coarse sand with gravel clinker traces. Uses of bottom ash in the replacement of fine aggregate for. Dec 04, 2020 the impact of holding time and particle size of bottom ash on the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites has been investigated.
Leaching properties of the bottom ash and bottom ash asphalt blends. Bottom ash exhibits high shear strength and low compressibility. Fly ash and bottom ash was collected from anpara thermal power project u. Fly ash, lignite coal fly ash, subbituminous coal fly ash, anthracite coal fly ash, bituminous coal fly ash, bottom ash, ash synonyms. The impact of holding time and particle size of bottom ash on the mechanical properties of polypropylene composites has been investigated. In terms of the shape and surface characteristics of the particles, bottom ash was quite different from fly ash. Microstructure and properties of concrete using bottom ash.
The main aim of using these products is to bring economy in cost of construction and effective utilization of waste products. Bottom ash also exhibits a relatively high permeability and grain size distribution that allows the design engineer to use it in direct contact with impervious material. Properties such as workability, bleeding and air content of. The ash particles range in size from a fine gravel to a fine sand with very low percentages of siltclay sized particles.
Uses of bottom ash in the replacement of fine aggregate. Mechanicalandphysical and physicochemical properties of the produced. Bottom ash and boiler slag possess unique physical and engineering properties that are different from conventional aggregate materials, for which the standard test methods have been developed. Comparison between laboratory leaching properties and. Experimental result shows that 30% bottom ash with 1% ppf retained the stiffness similar to that of control beam. It is also used in soil stabilization and as filler in asphalt and other products that are widely used in construction. Physical and chemical properties of the incinerated bottom ash vary depending on the type and source of the solid waste. Washed bottom ash, collected as a by product from ennore thermal power plant, chennai is used since it is one of the large producers of wba. Bottom ash consists of coarser and heavier particles than fly ash torrey, 1978. This study evaluates the influence of replacing cement by bottom ashes or fly. This can bias the percent ash compared to actual amount of fly ash and bottom ash produced. Its composition and properties, depending on prevailing inorganic and organic constituents, make the ash a very complex geomaterial for investigation, i. In an industrial context, it has traditionally referred to coal combustion and comprises traces of combustibles embedded in forming clinkers and sticking to hot side walls of a coalburning furnace during its operation. Bottom ash has properties that provide many favorable benefits to the clay brick maker.
Method and tests handmade bricks with bottom ash by the weight percentage of 0%, 10%, 20% and 40% which has been included in all mixtures instead of clay. Therefore utilization of bottom ash as a construction material will be an appropriate solution for the environmental problem that may arise. Bottom ash is the slag that builds up on the heatabsorbing surfaces of the furnace and subsequently falls through the furnace bottom to the ash hopper below. Meanwhile, bottom ash may have the appreciable properties so that bottom ash can be used as a construction material. Some new or modified test methods are needed to provide a more complete evaluation of bottom ash andor boiler slag properties. Bottom ash is part of the noncombustible residue of combustion in a power plant, boiler, furnace or incinerator. Nov 19, 20 the engineering characteristics of mixtures made with bottom ash are compared with those of conventional concretes. Coal bottom ash is a waste material produced by the coal based thermal power plants. Geotechnical properties like grain size, compaction, permeability and shear strength properties of fly ash, bottom ash and municipal solid waste. The properties of fly ash and bottom ash make them useful for.
Article evaluation of physical, chemical, and environmental. The material used for making bottom ash based geopolymer mortar specimens are bottom ash as the sources as material, river sand, alkaline liquids and water. Mar 23, 2019 million loads of coal wastes are being generated everywhere across the globe in the form of fly ash and bottom ash. The results showed acceptable properties of biomass bottom ash for use as a filler, as well as a drastic reduction in the environmental impact of its processing. This part describes how the bottom ash is generated, the characteristics of bottom ash, leaching properties for waste intended to be used in construction works, different available pretreatment methods existing for bottom ash and how they are used in construction works today. The size of the used particle were 200250, 250300, and. The chemical analysis shows that coal bottom ash is mainly composed of silica and alumina. Experimental study on properties of concrete using bottom ash. Many laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the properties of the bottom ash material. Coal bottom ash was procured from astrra chemicals, mumbai. Natural bottom ash were replace with clay without any operations because the chemical compounds are similar to clay. When the characters and properties of aggregates are changing the strength and the. Bottom ash is predominantly sandsized, usually with 50 to 90 percent passing a 4. Information on basic physical and chemical properties physical state.
Strength properties of ternary blended concrete by alccofine. As a result of the larger fused particles, bottom ash contains more crystalline and less glassy phases than fly ash. The paper presents the investigations of the composition and properties of the bottom ash waste generated by seversk thermal power plant of the tomsk region. Bottom ash as a highway material transportation research board. Result showed that 30% bottom ash with 1% ppf had similar moment curvature relationship as control beam with enhanced moment carrying capacity. Brick making clays that are plastic in nature form a dense mass when subjected to the. Property bottom ash boiler slag source test method considerations. Mechanical properties of municipal solid waste incinerator. Concentration of the residual carbon from bottom ash by. Sustainability free fulltext evaluation of physical. The aim of developing the proposed database on msw is to recommend for laboratory engineering tests that can be used to assess.
Pdf bottom ash, an industrial byproduct from coal power plants, is always a problem due to its disposal as landfills that affects environment. Effect of coal bottom ash on strength and durability properties of. The effect of sieved coal bottom ash as a sand substitute. The compressive strength of concrete mixed with fly ash and bottom ash is increased at later age of concrete10. Pdf uses of bottom ash in the replacement of fine aggregate for. Fly ash and bottom ash are used as a supplementary cementitious or pozzolanic material for cement, concrete and concrete products. Typical mechanical properties of bottom ash and boiler slag. Pdf the objective of this study is to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of coal bottom ash cba obtained from tanjung bin. These properties are required to find out an alternative use of bottom ash. In this paper a study was made to evaluate the potential use of industrial wastes bottom ash by partially replacing the sand and adding silica fume with the cement in the production of high performance concrete bottom ash concrete. Conclusions on the classification of mswi bottom ash in the ecn report only cover quenched bottom ash and cannot be applied to dry. Effects of grinding process on the properties of the coal. General bottom ashboiler slag properties physical properties bottom ashes have angular particles with very porous surface textures. Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the influence bottom ash has on the dry and fired microstructure of the brick body.
Bottom ash safety data sheet according to federal register vol. The portion of the ash that escapes up the chimney or stack is, however, referred to as fly ash. The surfaces of the particles were observed to be essentially free of dust, clean and shiny. The highway and geotechnical industries are capable of utilizing large vol. It is the largest residue stream from the incineration process, typically 150300 kgton of waste incinerated and accounting for 8595% of all the residues generated. Typical mechanical properties of bottom ash and boiler slag are listed in table 2 including. Pdf geotechnical properties of fly and bottom ash mixtures. Compressive strengths of mortar containing 20 to 30% of bottom ash as cement replacement were much less than that of cement mortar at all edges, but use of ground bottom ash produce higher compressive strength than the cement mortar after 60 days.
Pdf physical and chemical properties of coal bottom ash. Influence of coal bottom ash on properties of portland cement. Properties of concrete incorporating coal fly ash and coal. Geotechnical properties of fly ash and bottom ash mixtures. Bottom ash collected during the first 7 months of a 2year study ba been evaluated for its physical and cbemicaj prop erties. Coal combustion bottom ash as microfiller with pozzolanic. Although large amount of fly ash has already been utilized in the construction industry as a partial cement replacement andor mineral additive in cement production, the usage of bottom ash is limited due to its relatively higher unburned carbon content and different structural properties compared to fly ash. Bottom ash lightweight aggregate safety data sheet according to federal register vol.
Hot mix designs were developed for a control mix and 25 50, 75, and 100 percent bottom ash blend. In this study, bottom ash is a hazardous material used as a. Table6 properties of bottom ash sp gravity table 7 mix proportion table8. Properties of municipal solid waste ashcement composite. The draining properties of bottom ash expressed by the coefficient of permeability are not as good as for sand and gravel. The optimum bottom ash dredged material mixture, built in the corps of the test dike, contains 70% of ash. The environmental properties of bottom ash in this application were assessed by means of. Fly ash and bottom ash fulfill the technical properties required for various use. Guidance document on hazard classification of mswi bottom. However, a systematic investigation on some of the effects of coal bottom ash on the properties of mortar is still lacking especially in relation to the coal bottom ash from local power plants in malaysia.
Figure 1 shows the bulk specific gravity as a function of test day. The optimum bottom ash content in the mixture was chosen taking into account high internal. Durability and strength properties of concrete containing coal bottom. Engineering properties of basalt fiberreinforced bottom. Bottom ash physical properties chemical properties colour whitish gray to gray with slight black silicasio 2 40 79 bulk density 1120kgm2 aluminaal 2o3 23 33 specific gravity 2. Influence of partial replacement of cement and sand with coal. Bottom ash possess properties that give them several productive uses as construction material, yet more than 70 percent of the ash remains unused acaa 1998. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the effect of sieved coal bottom ash as a substitute for natural sand on the properties of concrete, when an extra 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% weight of cement was added. Physical and chemical properties of coal bottom ash cba. Bottom ash tends to achieve maximum dry density at much lower water content than does. The dry permeability and resultant drying rate and hence drying sensitivity of the body is influenced by this parameter. The fly ash and bottom ash were mixed in different proportions and their physical, chemical and geotechnical characteristics were investigated. Bottom ashboiler slag recycled materials resource center. Geotechnical properties of fly ash and bottom ash mixtures in.
Utilization of such waste materials in concrete is an ecofriendly choice. The chemical and physical properties of coal bottom ash used in this research are given in tables 3 and 4 respectively. Therefore utilization of bottom ash as a construction material will be an appropriate solution for. Gradually, the tradition using bottom ash beneath floors has been adopted for large storehouses as well. Therefore the chemical admixtures such as highrange waterreducers are needed to decrease the water demand and to improve the durable property. Basically, its applications and potential applications that cement and. This portion of the sample contained such materials as broken glass, slag.
The chemical composition of bottom ash and ggbs is shows in table 1. Pdf, evaluation of coal bottom ash properties and its. Life cycle assessment of biomass bottom ash compared to commercial filler once the physical and chemical properties of the biomass bottom ash had been. Bottom ash has the potential to be used as concrete material to replace fine aggregates, coarse aggregates or both. They used bottom ash at 20% replacement of cement to make concrete, the. The compositions suggested for construction materials fired and hydrothermal are based on the bottom ash waste. To use bottom ash as capillary layer beneath a floor it typically requires a layer thickness twice the capillary rise for the material, e. The strength and durability properties of two di erent percentages of bottom ash 40% and 50% and three volume fractions of basalt. Physical and chemical properties of coal bottom ash cba from. Mixtures containing 30% and 40% ba, at 90 days, attain the compressive strength equivalent to 108% and 105% of. Physical and environmental properties of asphaltamended. The usage of the coal ashes relies on the chemical and physical properties of the coal bottom ash.
The porous structure, angular and rough texture of bottom ash affected its specific gravity and particle density. In both concretes, river sand was replaced with coal bottom ash at 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100% levels. Production experience has shown that the bottom ash. The effect of sieved coal bottom ash as a sand substitute on. Mechanical properties of mswi bottom ash in denmark. The majority of unused coal ash is disposed of in landfills or mined out areas of coal mines prior to their reclamation. Characteristics, management and environmental issues. Physical properties chemical properties % color whitish grey to blackish grey silica sio 2 4180. Indian journal of science and technology, an experimental.
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